Value Added Tax

In my country, companies have to register to pay for VAT if they earn a taxable income of P250,000 annually. Up until April this year, people were charged VAT of 10% since 2002. It has now risen to 12% to consumers.
since companies need to register, some just go without registering, or the smaller ones go on and charge consumers for VAT, and claim it is the law, and go forth and pocket the money.
This has proved to be a great problem, especially with the current economic crisis, with a rise in inflation. Business are abusing the 2% rise in VAT by charging even more then the expected amount, making the already expensive prices even more so.


In the wake of what some have called “unwarranted price increases” after the VAT rate was increased from 10 to 12 percent effective 1 April, there are calls for the re-introduction of price controls. Notably, what is a price control? It is “a form of government intervention in the economy in which a government agency uses its law-making power to regulate the prices at which otherwise voluntary private exchanges may take place (Johnson 2005)”. Notably, price controls have a long history; e.g., medieval governments placed price ceilings on bread (Rockoff 2002) and modern governments experiment with all kinds of price controls (Zimbabwe offers instructive lessons). Thus, price controls are effected through either ceilings (maximum legally allowable prices) or floors (minimum legally allowable prices). In the present case, most caller consumers were advocating for price ceilings.

To conclude, price controls are generally opposed by economists because they result in market inefficiencies; chiefly, shortages or surpluses. Arising from the foregoing, they are only countenanced under exceptional circumstances; e.g. emergencies, and for brief periods. Thus price controls are bad public policy prescriptions. As a solution, consumers, as utility-maximising homo economicus [economic men] must comparison-shop and, at a macro-level, laws that outlaw socially-undesirable behaviour and protect consumers (e.g., Competition Act) must be enforced.

Written by DR EMMANUEL BOTLHALE
http://www.gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6176:vat-rate-increase-and-the-call-for-price-control&catid=21:columns&Item

Nemo Dat Quod Non Habet

Nemo dat quod non habet signifies that if you are not the legitimate owner of an item you are not justified to despatch it to anybody else as you cannot give something that does not belong to you, i.e. you do not have. This is designed to protect the true owners. If anybody is trying to sell an item without that legitimate owner’s permission, however, that transaction is unlawful. This principle is clarified in Section 27 of the Sale of Goods Act which explains that anybody purchasing something without the consent of the legitimate owner only attains the same rights to an item as the dishonest seller. An unauthorised vendor only obtains the capacity to sell this item if the rightful owner is disallowed, by some behaviour, from giving permission to this unauthorised sale.

http://www.law-essays-uk.com/2-1-essays/nemo-dat-quod-non-habet.php

What really was to happen if this law was not there? well the answer is quite simple - total and utter chaos!
what would happen is that people would automatically assume that just because something is there lying around, they can easily take it and do with it as they choose, and forget about the person who bought it, and may still need the item.
Say for example, a car. If Aunt Jane was to come by and just decide to take my vase which I bought at an auction for exorbitant amounts, and decide to sell it, or I decide to borrow Uncle Tom my car for the week, and he goes and sells it to his friend because at the time, he considers it his and can do with it as he pleases.
This is exactly what we are trying to avoid. If I bought a good legally, then it is my legal right to sell it when I choose, and not have somebody else buy it.
As such, that is why we have the Sale of Goods Act, which protects people in such situations.

Why are prisoners not hired

According to the laws of every country, when a person is taken to prison in order to achieve the four aims of the criminal justice system:

Punishment
deterrence
rehabilitation
protection (of society from further acts)

the courts then decide what is the appropriate number of years the criminal deserves to be held behind bars in order to meet the aims I have stated above.
After being released, often as part of their requirements is to find a job. Unfortunately one of the question asked is whether or not a person has served time in prison, and more often than not, it becomes the basis for their rejection.
If government is putting so much funds in keeping these people locked up for years on end, feeding and clothing them, why do they not put a bit more funding to making sure that they are able to find jobs, because if they are able to accomplish the rehabilitation process, then they should be able to work well. If however, these former criminals are unable to find employment, they get desperate for work, or food, end end up resorting to their old ways, which takes them back a step, and makes it easy for them to go back to jail. The rehabilitation process would have worked, but only for a limited period of time, due to the harsh environment of the outside world.

We should therefore consider helping out these people, because it is also our job to assist in deterring them from their lives of crime. If they become unemployable, then they resort to other means, which we all do not want.

Sale of goods

A rogue went to buy a Mitsubishi Shogun on hire purchase. The rogue told Shogun Finance Ltd that his name was Mr Patel and produced Mr Patel’s driving licence. The finance company did a credit check on Mr Patel, finding no problems, and the rogue drove away. Then, the rogue sold the car to Mr Norman Hudson. Under s.27 Hire Purchase Act 1964 a non-trade buyer of a car who buys in good faith from a hirer under a hire purchase agreement becomes the owner, so Mr Hudson would have been the owner if the hire purchase agreement were valid. Shogun Finance argued that it was not on the basis that there was a mistake as to identity. They therefore claimed against Mr Hudson for conversion.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogun_Finance_Ltd_v_Hudson


From the case above, it is clear that Mr Hudson did not know that he was purchasing a car that did not belong to the seller. the problem however, should also be the responsibility of the finance company, since they had originally not found any problems. Had they done a more thorough check, then maybe they would have been able to avoid this problem.
the rogue was to have been able to account for his wrongful actions.
According to the judgement, there was no contract of hire purchase between Shogun Finance and the rogue, so that the car was not Mr Hudson's.

Process for Insurance Claims for Wrongful Termination Settlements

The following is an article on the steps that should be taken when a person has been wrongfully terminated, in regards to the insurance claims. Hope it will be useful and help those who are not in the know on what to do.

Formalizing Settlement

When an offer to settle a wrongful termination claim involving insurance is accepted, the normal procedure is for the insurance company to prepare a release of claims against the insured--that is the employer against whom the claim was made. This will usually be done by the attorneys representing the insurance company. The release may also include a release of claims against the insurance company for any potential claims you might have against the company. If such a release is to be included, this issue should be negotiated before finalizing the settlement. You may be required to have your signature notarized on the release. The release will also specify the terms of payment either as a lump sum or instalments.

Lump Sum Payment

A lump sum payment should be made in the amount stated in the release and can be made by check, wire or draft. If you handled the claim yourself, the payment will be sent directly to you. If the payment is to be delivered to your attorney, some states require that you be notified directly in writing that the payment was delivered along with any cover letter that accompanied the settlement payment. After receipt by your attorney, the settlement payment should be disbursed by your attorney according to the retainer agreement you signed with her.

Structured Settlement

A structured settlement means the insurance company will make installment payments to you over time. The insurance company typically purchases an annuity to fund the settlement to make the regular payments. You may be require to sign a separate agreement for a structured settlement that would contain more specificity regarding the terms of payment than will be set forth in the release. An important point to keep in mind regarding structured settlement annuities is that further court proceedings may be required if you even desire to sell your right to receive the annuity payments for a lump sum.

Dismissal of Proceedings

If a lawsuit was filed on your claim, a dismissal will be prepared and filed with the court. Your attorney will usually prepare, sign and file the document once the settlement payment has been delivered or the structured settlement annuity put in place. In cases where the employer may have filed a cross-claim in the lawsuit against you, this should also be part of the dismissal. If the claim was being arbitrated rather than going through the court, there should be a document indicating that the arbitrator was notified of the settlement and that he was instructed to close the arbitration file.

By Joe Stone
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5572611_process-claims-wrongful-termination-settlements.html

land fraud case

A fraud trial involving the purchase of state land, the name of the Mentri Besar and “brokerage” payments worth RM9.4mil finally came to a close of sorts in the Sessions Court after 14 years.
judge Sabariah Atan convicted land broker Yap You Jee, 61, bomoh Md Jhomi Md Supian, 56, and businessman Johari Mansor, 52, of cheating Solid Estate (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd director Datuk Ding Lian Cheon into believing they had obtained approval from the state executive council for the purchase of Lots 21448 and 1152 of state land.
Sentenced to jail terms of between three years and six years, the three are appealing to the High Court.
In the first conviction, the three had at a meeting at the Hyatt Regency Hotel here between June 28, 1995 and July 25, 1995 told Ding that the said land in Jalan Skudai could be acquired for RM7.5mil plus a land premium of RM15 psf.
They received a Hongkong and Shanghai Bank cashier’s order for S$3.45mil (RM6.14mil), which they cashed by using a false identity card bearing the name of the Johor Mentri Besar – Abdul Ghani Othman.
Md Jhomi and Johari were also convicted of a second charge of cheating Ding – at Hotel Tanahmas in Sibu, Sarawak on Sept 10, 1995 – into believing that they had got the state executive council to cancel the payment of the premium.
On Sept 23, they obtained a payment of RM2mil from Ding at Hotel Hyatt Regency in Johor Baru for that service.
Md Jhomi, who had posed as the Mentri Besar’s private secretary, was also convicted of cheating Ding into believing he had obtained approval to extend the lease of the two plots of land from 99 years to 999 years. He received a payment of RM1.3mil for the services.

http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/4/25/courts/6129101&sec=courts

these men decided to sell land which did not belong to them, and thus the result in this case seems fair. The crime that they committed goes against the rule of Nemo dat quod non habet, which simply states that no one can give what he does not have.
since the property did not belong to them in the first place, they should not have had any transactions involving it.

Lease of Contract

One of the common contracts that people enter into is the contract of lease. Most people, especially in towns, are renting some property. It is therefore apt that there is some level of understanding of the relevant rights and obligations that arise as a result of this nature of contract. Many things can be leased, both movables and immovables.
You can rent a house or a car, for example. A lease is a contract between two parties giving rise to reciprocal obligations, the lessor (landlord) on the one hand, having to avail to the lessee (tenant) the property or thing to be leased for a particular period of time in exchange for rent or payment instances. Rent does not necessarily have to be paid in cash it could be in exchange for counter performance. A lease must be distinguished from sale. In a sale the seller intends to transfer every right the seller has in the thing to the buyer, whereas, in a lease it is a conferment of a temporary enjoyment of the property.

The parties to a lease need to reach consensus on the property to be leased, it must be in existence and be identifiable, to the use and enjoyment of the property and the amount of rent payable. Considering that the contract is for the use and enjoyment of the property (which is the substance of the contract), the contract will not be a lease if the parties intend that the lessee is to have the property permanently or deplete or consume it. The parties normally agree on the duration of the lease, this may vary; it may be a short period or an indefinite period terminable by giving notice. In the event that it is a long lease, usually described to be 10 years and more, they maybe a need to register the lease against the property with the Deeds Registry to be enforceable against third parties like buyers. The principle is that lease comes before sale. The lease may be renewal. This gives the tenant the option to renew it on its expiry. There may be formalities that are required for the renewal to be effective. So, it is important that the tenant must comply fully with the option clause. This may require giving a month’s notice before termination. This may be necessary to forewarn the landlord that the house will be vacant and he must look for another tenant or that you are going to continue staying in the house and a new contract must be drawn.

The parties usually agree on the amount for rent and maybe an escalation after the first anniversary of the lease. The parties may fix the rent amount or agree on a formula by which rent can be calculated. In other jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom (UK), tenants pay council tax and the landlord must deposit a copy of the lease with the local council to enable the council to know from whom to collect tax.

To enable the tenant to take up occupancy of the house, the landlord must deliver free and undisturbed possession of the property to the tenant. If the property requires a right of passage through another’s property, the landlord must arrange and secure servitude in favour of his property. The property must also be delivered in a reasonable state of repair under the circumstances. If there is somebody else in occupancy of the rented property, the landlord may find himself/herself in a legal squabble, either being sued for specific performance or for breach of contract. It is therefore critical that the landlord should guarantee delivery of the use and occupation of the leased property at the time agreed upon.


Written by Batsho nthoi
http://www.gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6174:contract-of-lease&catid=21:columns&Itemid=2

This is a basic explanation on the requirement of lease of contract which I have spoken about earlier on. It basically tells what is expected of them when they do enter into contract, what the tenant and landlord's responsibility is in each case.

Should politicians own businesses?

over the years, there has been a lot of controversies over the fact that highly influential people, especially those in the government sector, who own businesses.
Although this would not be deemed as a problem, when it comes to major issues such as taxes and so forth, it becomes easy for them to put in their influence into play, since after all, they do know who's who in the economy.
But is it really fair? Should these politicians own these businesses while they are in office, or wait until they step down? In most situations they do not need for anything, they get free housing,transportation, and sufficient salaries. these businesses are not run by them, and even if the creation of business is important in a country, especially in my own Botswana, is it worth the corruption involved, and lack of ethics?
I say that politicians need to finish their tenor in office and only then think of taking on businesses, although even in that situation, they will still have a form of influence, it would not be as high, and we cannot exactly say they should not go into business altogether, because not all the tomatoes in the basket are rotten.

Tenancy Agreements

for the past three years, I have been able to make my own decisions as I am in a foreign country with no adult supervision, and it has allowed me to make certain observations, one of which includes the way tenancy agreements are made.
Unfortunately in the area I live in, it is mostly students, who also happen to be internationals. they sign contracts for apartments which often are for one year to two years. Landlords then often decide to end a contract, often giving up to only two weeks notice to tenants to find alternative housing. They may even change the agreement after the deal has been made, and although it is often an oral agreement, it needs to be upheld, because if for example, your potential landlord promises you a furnished apartment, and you only get a partially furnished apartment and discover this after paying deposit and moving in, it becomes difficult to move out again and you would have paid the full deposit amount for less than what was agreed upon.
as students, especially internationals, this becomes a major problem because in most cases, there is nobody who can easily help solve such problems.
there needs to be tougher laws on landlords, in order to ensure such situations do not become a regular occurrence, as well as on the tenants, who in certain situations may want to abuse the rights they have.

CO2

One of the major problems we are facing in today's economy is the large increase in the industrial businesses. Although they do show us the benefit of providing us with useful goods, as well as the beauty of it providing employment, it does also come with the negative aspect of its greenhouse gas emissions.
The greenhouse effect has been a great problem which few people have been paying much attention to in the past. It is recently however, that more care is taken in making sure that something is done.Caps have been put on the amount of annual gas emissions by companies, who happen to be one of the highest contributors to these gas emissions. This strategy however, is more effective in countries such as the United States. This is because developing countries rely heavily on the success and output of these factories, so if a stringent cap is placed on their output, it will have great negative impact on their produce.
Large retailers however, such as Wal-Mart have taken the initiative to preserving the environment.

"Wal-Mart Stores Inc. wants its suppliers to reduce 20 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions by the end of 2015.

The world's largest retailer's push goes beyond its efforts to date to reduce its own emissions by designing more energy-efficient stores and pursuing alternative fuels for its fleet of trucks.

The goal is equivalent to taking 3.8 million cars off the road for a year, the company said.
Wal-Mart is collaborating with the Environmental Defense Fund and other environmental experts to measure reduction. It said it won't force suppliers to make changes but will work with them on projects that will reduce both emissions and costs.

In the past few years, the company has been working with suppliers to reduce packaging, which has translated into such changes as more concentrated detergent products and toothpaste that's no longer in a box."
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35590136/ns/business-going_green/


To me this is a great step that Wal-Mart is taking since it happens to be one of the largest and most influential retailers in the US, as well as other countries around the world. Other companies may be willing to emulate them thereafter.

Condition and warranty

Both conditions and warranties are terms in a contract.
Condition is necessary for a clear understanding of the contract. it may either be written or oral. Breaching the contract therefore means the contract may be discharged.
Warranty mainly focuses on the collateral aspect of an agreement.it is therefore not very important in affecting the discharge of a contract.Warranty means the affected party will only be liable to receive some form of compensation, as opposed to terminating the contract.

Poussard v Spiers is an example of terms of condition which was breached. madamme Poussard was to perform Spiers and Pond's French opera at the Criterion Theatre, where the letter of engagement. The letter of engagement read as follows;

“Criterion Theatre, Oct. 16th, 1874. “To Madame Poussard. “On behalf of Messrs. Spiers & Pond I engage you to sing and play at the Criterion Theatre on the following terms:— “You to play the part of Friquette in Lecocq's opera of Les Pres Saint Gervais, commencing on or about the fourteenth of November next, at a weekly salary of eleven pounds (11l.), and to continue on at that sum for a period of three months, providing the opera shall run for that period. Then, at the expiration of the said three months, I shall be at liberty to re-engage you at my option, on terms then to be arranged, and not to exceed fourteen pounds per week for another period of three months. Dresses and tights requisite for the part to be provided by the management, and the engagement to be subject to the ordinary rules and regulations of the theatre. “Ratified: … “E. P. Hingston, Manager. “Spiers & Pond. “Madame Poussard, 46, Gunter Grove, Chelsea.”

Unfortunately Madame Poussard was taken ill just before rehearsals were finished and she could learn all her music, and the show was also delayed by the organisers. someone was brought in to replace her (Miss Lewis) and they then wanted her to replace Madame Poussard, and Mr Poussard claimed for wrongful dismissal on his wife's behalf since Madame Poussard was eventually able to return to work.

The jury found that the plaintiff did not withdraw from the contract

There was no substantial conflict as to what was in fact done by Mrs. Liston, who was the stage manager. Upon learning, on the 25th of November, the possibility that Madame Poussard might be prevented by illness from fulfilling her engagement, she sent to a theatrical agent to inquire what artistes of position were disengaged, and learning that Miss Lewis had no engagement till the 25th of December, she made a provisional arrangement with her, by which Miss Lewis undertook to study the part and be ready on Saturday to take the part, in case Madame Poussard was not then recovered so far as to be ready to perform.

Lee v Lee's Air Farming

The case of Lee v Lee's Air Farming concerns the veil of incorporation and separate legal personality.the appellant's husband held 99% of the company's shares. he was killed while on the job, due to a plane crash. Mrs Lee then claimed for compensation under the Workmen's compensation Act 1922. The Court of Appeal held that since the deceased was the governing director and had full control of the company, he could not also be an employee of the company.
After appealing the case, it was ruled that an owner can also qualify to be an employee of the same business.the company was considered to be a separate legal person.

It is an agreeable analysis on separating a company and its owners or shareholders. It is necessary, especially in cases where entrepreneurs are also solely dependent on the business which they have invested in. Just as in any business, you need to be able to claim such things as insurance, all employees should be able to receive these benefits regardless of how much they have invested in the business.



http://davidscrimshaw.blogspot.com/2005/10/keywords-breakfast-beans-and-lees-air.html#starthere
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_v_Lee%E2%80%99s_Air_Farming

Subsidiary and holding company

According to wikipedia, "A holding company is a company or firm that owns other companies' outstanding stock. It usually refers to a company which does not produce goods or services itself, rather its only purpose is owning shares of other companies. Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow the ownership and control of a number of different companies. In the U.S., 80% or more of stock, in voting and value, must be owned before tax consolidation benefits such as tax-free dividends can be claimed."
A subsidiary company has been further defined as, "an entity that is controlled by a separate higher entity[citation needed]. The controlled entity is called a company, corporation, or limited liability company; and in some cases can be a government or state-owned enterprise, and the controlling entity is called its parent (or the parent company). The reason for this distinction is that a lone company cannot be a subsidiary of any organization; only an entity representing a legal fiction as a separate entity can be a subsidiary."

The companies that I have been able to identify as being holding or subsidiary banks are as follows:

Holding company Subsidiary compan(y)ies

Citigroup Holding Private (Ltd) Citibank Berhad
Perwira Bintang Construction Sdn Bhd Perwira Bintang Holdings Sdn Bhd
Pesaka Trengganu Bhd
Pet Master Sdn Bhd









http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding_company
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary
http://www.ssm.com.my/acts/fscommand/a0125s0005.htm

Unclaimed Moneys Act 1965

http://www.lawyerment.com/library/kb/Banking_and_Finance/Banking/1152.htm
http://www.anm.gov.my/public_html/eng/default/khidmat.php

unfortunately in the business world, although ethics should be practised, it is not often done. A lot of corruption occurs and almost all the time, there will be someone who gets the short end of the stick. this is why there is a need to have acts imposed such as the unclaimed Moneys Act.
This ultimately is a way of making sure the unclaimed moneys is not kept by businesses for their own benefits. So what qualifies to be unclaimed money?

Moneys which are legally payable to the owner but have remained unpaid for a period of not less than one year.

Examples under this category are :
salaries, wages, bonuses, commissions and other payments due to employees;
dividends
profits declared for distributions;
insurance claims which have been approved for payment;
bank draft, cashier's order and other documents of similar nature which validity period have lapsed;
fixed deposits (without automatic renewal instructions) which have matured;
tender deposits for which the intended purpose has been fulfilled;
sundry creditors or sundry debtors with credit balance.

Malaysian law

The Malaysian legal system is based on English common law, and that is a very good thing for the country because the English common law is used internationally, and therefore people from around the world are able to identify with it.
If there are any problems with the Justice system within the country, they may require assistance from international sources to help them rule. This is a practice which Malaysia is familiar with since before January 1, 1985, the Federal Court was the highest court in the country but its decisions were further appealable to the Privy Council in London. Although it is not a common practice in today's age, it is still possible to request for assistance from these other countries if adequate rulings cannot be made, especially since they are neutral third parties.

http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/WORLD/malaysia.htm

Fraud

Fraud is a problem that is very common in today's society, and unfortunately most companies tend to fall victim to it. As in the case stated in the Mmegi newspaper, six men have been accused of defrauding the ministry of Education in Botswana through Limkokwing student names.
the problem with this situation is that it is very common and may not be receiving any real attention as something that is very harmful in society, even though it is, because other people will continue doing this, and in order to deter others from continuing in the same trend, it would be advisable to give these men harsh sentences, so as to make an example of them to society. it will also boost the confidence in business people on the government system that they are out to get justice served.

http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=378&dir=2010/February/Wednesday24

Malaysian government and Botswana government system

The Botswana government structure and the Malaysian structure has certain differences which are quite noticeable.
The first major difference that we can note is the fact that in Malaysia, there is a king, as well as a Prime Minister, who each has their different functions and roles. Both have their advantages as well as disadvantages, for one, in the Malaysian system, there is a division of labour that occurs between these leaders, which can make the running of the country more efficient, although there can also be the problem of having the leaders disagree in certain issues, which may cause a conflict.
In a structure such as the one Botswana currently has, the president is the ruler and he is the one who coordinates everything.
The running of the country is also done with the help of the Ministers, who are also the members of Parliament.
Both of these countries however, are Democratic countries and have the right to choose who their president and Prime Minister should be.


http://www.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/YangDiPertuanAgong/Pages/YangdiPertuanAgong.aspx

http://bdtp.aed.org/bdtp/BCgovtstructure.htm

Our legal rights

They say that the more successful a business is, the more likely it is to be sued. This is because the likelihood for mistakes in this instance is more common. In order to avoid careless mistakes in business that opens an avenue for being sued, certain things may be done in order to avoid doing so, especially when it comes to raising money to fund the business.
There needs to be some form of knowledge by the business, how exactly to conduct their hiring, firing, maternity leave rights, sick leave, sexual harassment, and so forth. By having these identified beforehand, it avoids having any major difficulties in the future.
Also, it is often to have a legal adviser in a business who is able to advise the managers and other persons in the business on proper legal actions to take when necessary.

What do you think? (1)

When driving his car home in Georgetown, Ryan called and talked with his wife through his mobile phone without the use of hands-free device. While talking, he lost control over his car and eventually hit a walking pedestrian.

Is Ryan liable under civil or criminal law?

Should this case go to court, what will be Ryan’s right?

What should the pedestrian do to recover his injuries/loss?

Firstly, Ryan was at fault because he was using a mobile phone without using any hands-free device. In most countries at present, it is against the law to drive without the use of hand-free devices. He is therefore liable under criminal law, since there is a law against what he was doing.

Should the case go to court, Ryan's right will be to be fairly heard by the court, and not be found guilty before the case has been heard, that is unless he does plead guilty to his offences.

As a pedestrian, Ryan is supposed to pay for any damages that may have been imposed to him, which comprises of physical and psychological injuries, as well as any other inconveniences that may have been caused by the accident, such as loss of job.



For the second case, Geena commited a criminal as well as civil crime because she had commited fraud, which according to the law is illegal. Because she had bad business dealings with other people who she failed to make good on their investments, it falls under civil law, because it is a problem between two parties.

the law

What is business law? one of the things that will be more understood during the course of the next few months....